The Location Selection Factors - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2851 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Facility Location is the right location for the manufacturing facility, it will have sufficient access to the customers, workers, transportation, etc. For commercial success, and competitive advantage following are the critical factors: Overall objective of an organization is to satisfy and delight customers with its product and services. Therefore, for an organization it becomes important to have strategy formulated around its manufacturing unit. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Location Selection Factors" essay for you Create order A manufacturing unit is the place where all inputs such as raw material, equipment, skilled labors, etc. come together and manufacture products for customers. One of the most critical factors determining the success of the manufacturing unit is the location. Facility location is actually a term used in operation management, facility location or location analysis is done so that the better uses of the location can be understood. The company by understanding the materials and production process done nearby the location can save ample time in production process and also save a lot in terms of transportation cost. And also the company can find out optimum position for the location of the company so that all the factors that are needed will be not a long distance from the company. Facility location determination is a business critical strategic decision. There are several factors, which determine the location of facility among them competition, cost and corresponding associated effe cts. Facility location is a scientific process utilizing various techniques. Location Selection Factors For a company which operates in a global environment; cost, available infrastructure, labor skill, government policies and environment are very important factors. A right location provides adequate access to customers, skilled labors, transportation, etc. A right location ensures success of the organization in current global competitive environment. Industrialization A geographic area becomes a focal point for various facility locations based on many factors, parameters and issues. These factors are can be divided into primary factors and secondary factors. A primary factor which leads to industrialization of a particular area for particular manufacturing of products is material, labor and presence of similar manufacturing facilities. Secondary factors are available of credit finance, communication infrastructure and insurance. Errors in Location Selection Facility location is critical for business continuity and success of the organization. So it is important to avoid mistakes while making selection for a location. Errors in selection can be divided into two broad categories behavioral and non-behavioral. Behavioral errors are decision made by executives of the company where personal factors are considered before success of location, for example, movement of personal establishment from hometown to new location facility. Non-behavioral errors include lack of proper investigative practice and analysis, ignoring critical factors and characteristics of the industry. Location Strategy The goal of an organization is customer delight for that it needs access to the customers at minimum possible cost. This is achieved by developing location strategy. Location strategy helps the company in determining product offering, market, demand forecast in different markets, best location to access customers and best manufacturing and service location. Factors Affecting Facility Location If the organization can configure the right location for the manufacturing facility, it will have sufficient access to the customers, workers, transportation, etc. For commercial success, and competitive advantage following are the critical factors: Customer Proximity: Facility locations are selected closer to the customer as to reduce transportation cost and decrease time in reaching the customer. Business Area: Presence of other similar manufacturing units around makes business area conducive for facility establishment. Availability of Skill Labor: Education, experience and skill of available labor are another important, which determines facility location. Free Trade Zone/Agreement: Free-trade zones promote the establishment of manufacturing facility by providing incentives in custom duties and levies. On another hand free trade agreement is among countries providing an incentive to establish business, in particular, country. Suppliers: Continuous and quality suppl y of the raw materials is another critical factor in determining the location of manufacturing facility. Environmental Policy: In current globalized world pollution, control is very important, therefore understanding of environmental policy for the facility location is another critical factor. Some of the benefits in location analysis include: You get a thorough knowledge of all the factors involved in the production, and ways through which the materials that are needed in the production can easily be accessed. When you do a proper location analysis for your facility you will also come across alternate substitute materials that are readily available and will cost less. You can save a lot on transportation cost for materials, labour, import and export. The materials will be available at a comparatively low cost. The best way to get a task done is by finding out ways through which the task can be done. Location analysis helps you in those aspects. Allows to you differentiate between practical positions to place your facility. Like for example, you cannot build a hazardous facility in a residential area. Gives you access to cheap labour, and needed raw materials like water electricity and many more. Helps in a smooth running of an organization, by seeing to that all that is possibly needed is readily an d easily available. Also has very easy access to production, distribution and sale of the products. Allows you to outperform your competitoracirc;à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s facilities Once you have found the optimal location then you will very easily overcome all the issues that you are likely to face and have a smooth running of an organization. When you plan accordingly, you will also be prepared to face some minor hindrances. FACILITY LAYOUT For an organization to have an effective and efficient manufacturing unit, it is important that special attention is given to facility layout. Facility layout is an arrangement of different aspects of manufacturing in an appropriate manner as to achieve desired production results. Facility layout considers available space, final product, safety of users and facility and convenience of operations. An effective facility layout ensures that there is a smooth and steady flow of production material, equipment and manpower at minimum cost. Facility layout looks at physical allocation of space for economic activity in the plant. Therefore, main objective of the facility layout planning is to design effective workflow as to make equipment and workers more productive. Facility Layout Objective A model facility layout should be able to provide an ideal relationship between raw material, equipment, manpower and final product at minimal cost under safe and comfortable environment. An efficient and effective facility layout can cover following objectives: To provide optimum space to organize equipment and facilitate movement of goods and to create safe and comfortable work environment. To promote order in production towards a single objective To reduce movement of workers, raw material and equipment To promote safety of plant as well as its workers To facilitate extension or change in the layout to accommodate new product line or technology upgradation To increase production capacity of the organization An organization can achieve the above-mentioned objective by ensuring the following: Better training of the workers and supervisors. Creating awareness about of health hazard and safety standards Optimum utilization of workforce and equipment Encouraging empowerment and reducing administrative and other indirect work Factors affecting Facility Layout Facility layout designing and implementation is influenced by various factors. These factors vary from industry to industry but influence facility layout. These factors are as follows: The design of the facility layout should consider overall objectives set by the organization. Optimum space needs to be allocated for process and technology. A proper safety measure as to avoid mishaps. Overall management policies and future direction of the organization Factors Influencing Location of Industries There are different kinds of industries and each one required different kinds of inputs. Further importance of different inputs varies due to their varying cost or they require in various proportions or ease/difficulty in availability of different inputs or various scale of industrial operation or any such reason. These factors cannot be distributed ubiquitously around the world. The value, bulk, life and care required for different types of produce vary considerably across different type of industries. Similarly different inputs required vary in cost as well as in proportion. Also with changing technology and peopleacirc;à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s aspirations the relative importance of these location governing factors changes over time Thus they have different capacity to exert different pull to locate an industry in their favour. Location of Indian Cement Industry Decisions regarding industrial location have a unique place in the fields of industrial management and regional planning because such decisions have long-term implications for the health and well-being of an economy and because they are almost irreversible. Most industries involve huge investments, which generate cash flows over a long period of time and the history testifies that the success of an industry depends significantly upon the appropriateness of its location. Factors Affecting Location Availability of Raw Material The various determinants of the optimum location of a particular industry play varying role in the location of different industries. In the cement industry, availability of raw material and fuel, and transport cost are more significant than the other factors because cement is a weight losing and bulky product. Its weight losing nature argues for location near raw materials while bulkiness favours location near the market. Since Webers (1929) material index (ratio of localized material to output) is more than 1.5 for cement, the net effect of these two factors favours nearness of raw-materials. As a result cement factories are, in fact, located in close proximity to the sources of raw materials. Most cement manufacturing units are established within a radius of 15 to 20 kilometers of limestone deposits. The raw materials required for cement are limestone, clay, and gypsum. Although limestone deposits and clay are available in fairly large quantities all over the country, proximit y of railhead is essential for reducing the transportation cost. The availability of gypsum may not affect location for its requirement is only about four per cent. Cement, in most plants in India, is manufactured through the wet process and thus large quantities of water are needed. However, as water is available in good quantities throughout our country, this does not affect location. The only important consideration seems to be the availability of coal since diesel, the alternative source of fuel, is considerably more expensive. The availability of coal pulls the industry towards Bengal and Bihar and, to some extent, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. Regional Demand and Supply The region-wise demand for, and capacity and production of cement in India in 1971, the latest year for which data are available, are presented in Table 1. They indicate that demand is in excess of supply in the Eastern and the Northern regions, while quite the reverse is true for the Western and the Southern regions. An examination of the past data indicated that this trend has been prevailing for long. Thus, the market criterion alone would argue for expansion of cement industry in the Eastern and the Northern regions and for its contraction in Western and Southern regions. Managements Interest The choice of location of a new factory to a certain extent depends on the managements interest in a particular region. If the management has country-wide industrial interest, perhaps this factor would not merit attention in location studies. However, if the management has regional or local industrial interest this factor becomes a decisive one. Both these kinds of managements interest are found in the Indian cement industry. On the one hand, we have Associated Cement Companies Ltd. (ACC) and Dalmia Cement (India) Ltd., whose intersts are country-wide. On the other hand, there are cement firms run by state governments, such as Andhra Cement, Madras Cement, and Orissa Cement, whose interests are limited to its development within their own territories. Since South India possesses more regional entrepreneurs willing to float cement factories at present, the Southern region continues to have more cement factories than other regions. Government Policy For quarrying of limestone, the cement industry has necessarily to depend on the government for lease terms. Besides, encouragement and facilities or discouragement and hindrance from government do exert their influence on location. In the early days, the then princely states encouraged the expansion of the cement industry in their territories. Thus, out of eleven factories existing in 1936 at the time of formation of ACC, as many as five factories were in princely states and in case of one, viz., the Punjab, the Provincial Government was directly interested in capital and management. Recently, the governments have evinced keener interest in developing the cement industry in industrially Cotton Textile Industry Cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industry in the world. Since textile is one of the basic need of every person so it always had sufficient demand for it. Cotton textile industry requires raw cotton, cheap and large labour pool(automation has reduced its importance in some areas), power, good transport, humid climate (large plant may maintains it artificially) capital, market, etc. Cotton is regarded as nearly pure raw material since it looses very little weight in processing and it is very easy to transport raw cotton and cotton textile with nearly similar cheap rates. Thus the pressure of raw material as seen in the case of iron and steel industry is absent here. Thus other locational factors particularly transport, labour, power and market become important. With good transport facility it can be established anywhere but where power supply present. Development of electricity has reduced its dependency on the source of power supply and automation ha s diluted the need of skilled large labour pool requirement. Now the considerations of market to link the industry effectively with the consumer and employment generating capacity of this industry are becoming more significant in locating this industry. Initially it was in the form of scattered small and cottage industry but latter with the development of spinning and weaving machinery in England it started getting importance as a large regular industry. Britain was first to had a quick enlargement in production pattern of cotton textile industry with home invented machinery. Due to durability, fineness, uniformity and above all cheapness of produce Britain got prominent position in cotton textile sector of the world by giving local small scale Industries very very tough competition. Iron and Steel Industry Iron and steel is one of the most basic industry since it is a close input to many other types of industries. But the pattern of demand and technological changeshas brought some interesting locational shift in this industry. In early days when the iron smelting technology started getting industrial importance in Europe the demand was low and mostly of local nature. At this juncture charcoal obtained from forest wood was used with lime to make sponge iron. Abundant forest was present everywhere and so small plants were located locally near the forest. This led to dispersion of this industry up to midi eighteenth century. During this time the use of coal in iron smelting gradually started maturing. Attraction to coalfield regions was also governed by then available technology and demand. Forest area started shrinking (about one acre of forest log required to smelt five tone iron) demand for iron increased considerably due to starting of heavy engineering works , required iron ore to coal ratio was 1/8, coal producing regions already had some iron work history and pool of labour required, at some places iron ore was found associated with coal and like factors, all resulted into the establishment and shift of iron industry in coalfield areas. The development of the Appalachian region of North America, Liege in Belgium, the South Wales and the Sheffield region of England, etc. are good examples of attraction of coalfield to iron and steel industry. Since late eighteenth to the end of nineteenth century Coal field enjoyed its position and witnessed heavy development of iron and steel and related industrial agglomeration. During this period it has developed sufficient industrial inertia at many places and thus survived successfully even in twentieth century. But not all coalfields witnessed similar developments Those located in remote areas, sparsely populated area and poorly developed area were remained engaged in exporting coa l at cheaper rates. This helped in setting of industries also at coastal locations where iron made with imported raw materials are available for export. Japanese plants and to some extent Vishakhapatnam plant of India belong to this category. In last fifty to hundred years the role of market also become significant. A big market helped in setting large integrated steel plant and in providing scrap iron as raw material to reduce transportation cost. So they also attracted iron and steel plant near to them. Since iron and steel is regarded as one of the most basic industry as an indicator of industrial development of a region and so many region hitherto undeveloped and have some capacity are aspiring for it. Here government policies play very deciding role as seen in the case of the development of iron and steel industries in the Chotanagpur plateau of India which also has many other advantages. Thus location of iron and steel industry in the world has responde d effectively to the changing nature of different factors of industrial locations.

Gas Prices Tendencies and Forecasts

Gas Prices: Tendencies and Forecasts Natural gas market influences greatly all the other markets of the modern economical world. For a wise economist or a business man it is more than clear, that gas prices dictate pricing policy at other markets in the majority if not in all the cases. So, what do we have now? Of course, the forecasts, made by different financial organizations or marketing agencies, differ in figures, but we can take a look at the common tendencies. According to one group of the leading analysts of the world, in 2011 the average cost of gas, sold at NYMEX, will make $6 for 1 000 000 BTU and will reach $6,25 in 2012. In 2010 the average level price for gas will remain $6 for 1 000 000 BTU up to the end of the year. The annual highest figures were recorded on January 6, when the price reached $6,009 for 1 000 000 BTU. This growth was provoked by extremely cold weather in the USA. Also there exists absolutely opposite opinion, that in 2011 gas prices at NYMEX, will go down considerably, since the footage drilled in the USA gradually increases, which can’t but influence USA natural gas market. It is not for the first time, when different professional analysts have absolutely opposite ideas about the development of this or that market and no doubts they have all the reasons for that. I think, that in order to avoid problems, it is possible to consider both points of view, and, at the same time, follow carefully and constantly the tendencies at the USA gas market and at world gas market in general to build the strategy accordingly and to be ready for any surprise that may show up.

My Interview Is The Mother Of Two And Is Pregnant With Her...

My interview is with a very close of mine her name is Diane. Diane is the mother of two and is currently pregnant with her third child. I asked Diane to please explain to me what were the difficulties and her experiences with her first pregnancy? Diane expressed that she was exceptionally young when she had her first child. She had morning sickness consistently for the initial three months. It was very difficult for her to continue her education since she was so sick. Diane decided to drop out of high school till she brought forth her child. She experienced transportation issues to travel back and forth to her appointment. I inquired if she encountered any other experiences or complications? Was she moody, happy or sad during her pregnancy? Diane expressed that she was truly terrified and stressed all through the entire pregnancy as she had no support from the baby’s father. Likewise, her parents gave her a really hard time because she was so young and pregnant. They made her feel very uncomfortable as if she did something wrong. Through her entire pregnancy, she was depressed and very anxious. She expressed to me that she felt extremely relieved once she gave birth since she realized that the baby would love her and she would care for the baby. I inquired whether she was able to speak to a counselor regarding her depression during her pregnancy? She expressed that the health center where she was being treated gave her the support that she needed to feel more at ease withShow MoreRelatedPregnancy Is An Event Of A Woman Life That Brings Pure Joy And Excitement1520 Words   |  7 Pagespregnancy her body is physically changing, along with a cascade of emotions. Every pregnancy in a woman’s life is highly individualized. Pregnancy can range from completely normal to various complication, both maternal and fetal complications. The patient I interviewed gave birth to a healthy baby girl, and she couldn’t be more excited. She had a wonderful bi rthing experience, this was her 3rd child and she agreed that all of her pregnancies were completely different. When I interviewed my patientRead MoreMy Mother Has Had Three Pregnancies Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesAlice Silveira, my mother has had three pregnancies. Her eldest is a boy, who is almost twenty-three, her middle child is a girl, who is nineteen, and her youngest boy is seventeen. I will be discussing her last pregnancy, which was with my brother, Izake, the now seventeen-year-old. During this pregnancy, she had numerous complications and she believed that it was far from a typical, â€Å"healthy† pregnancy. One day while washing the dishes, she suddenly stopped and had the urge to eat green fruit.Read MoreBirth Control And Educational Programs1430 Words   |  6 Pagesyoung parents as early as fifteen years old. In 2014, approximately 24 young women out of a thousand got pregnant from the ages of 15-19. Although this is about a 9% drop sing 2013, teen pregnancy is still a major issue among young, developing adolescents (CDC, 2016). This lifestyle shift has raised many personal concerns within young mothers and fathers about how they will raise their child, but most importantly, how they will prevent another unwanted or unprepared pregnancy. Although preventionRead MorePregnancy In The Southern United States During And Before1467 Words   |  6 Pagesand the assistance of family members or neighbors. Midwives would usually employ herbal remedies if a pregnant woman was ill, as opposed to bleeding. For slave women, their masters treated their ability to become pregnant as a commodity wh ich they could then exploit. Slave women were the key for owners to uphold the perpetuation of slavery. If a slave wasn’t able to become pregnant or carry a child to term, the slave’s owner would often call upon a doctor who would attempt to treat or cure barrennessRead MoreMy Best Evidence Came From One Case By Heidi Vollstadt Freeman1595 Words   |  7 Pagestight bond between mother and child. Due to those reasons and countless others, some professionals in the world of sport question whether or not a woman can find a balance between the demand of being an elite athlete and the fulltime job that comes with being a parent. The research on this topic is somewhat limited, but I am confident that the sources used in this paper are good quality. I have compiled qualitative data from four separate scholarly papers and two news articles. My best evidence cameRead MoreHow Changes Throughout History Have Influenced The Persons Life Course Trajectory1143 Words   |  5 Pageswithin late adulthood has been impacted by larger systems within their environment. Furthermore, this paper will examine how changes throughout history have influenced the person’s life course trajectory. In an effort to evaluate these factors, an interview of a person in late adulthood was conducted. To gain a clearer understanding of how these factors influence a person within late adulthood, feminist theory and the empowerment prospective were applied to evaluate how these aspects have impacted theRead MorePersonal Narrative: My Grandmother Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing into her elderly years she has lived a very challenging, joyful, loving and successful life. She is a woman of great faith and character, she is my grandmother. Mary Imogene Cothren was born in Lawrenceburg Tennessee, November 12, 1929 to George and Chapel Cothren. Her family then relocated to a small town in Ohio by the name of Ashland. This is where she was raised and has lived most of her life. From the time she was born, although her name was Mary Imogene her family called her ImogeneRead MoreMy Understanding Of The Profession Of Social Work Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pages My understanding of the profession of social work is to enhance human well-being and to help meet the basic needs of all society, especially the needs of the most vulnerable, oppressed, and the needs of the people living in poverty. Social work leading duties are to promote social justice and social change on behalf of clients. In other words, social work profession, not only accommodate individual internal situations, as far as, client’s struggles, they also work with individual family toRead MoreEnrique s Journey By Sonia Nazario1387 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States in order to finally meet with his mother. Enrique began his travel to the United States eleven years after his mother left him in Honduras. Enrique faced gangsters, bandits and corrupt police officers when he was in the train called â€Å"El Tren de la Muerte†. The only thing that he was carrying was his mother’s phone number. But Enrique never gave up. Enrique’s courage, hope and help from strangers make him achieved his goal†¦ meet with his mother. Summary Enrique’s Journey chronicles the lifeRead MoreThe Charity Bowery By Lydia Maria Child1650 Words   |  7 PagesCharity Bowery by Lydia Maria Child, Child is retelling a story of an aged colored woman, Charity Bowery, from New York. In Bowery’s story she says, â€Å"Sixteen children I’ve had, first and last; and twelve I’ve nursed for my mistress. From the time my first baby was born, I always set my heart upon buying freedom for some of my children. I thought it was of more consequence to them than to me; for I was old, and used to being a slave. But mistress McKinley wouldn’t let me have my children. One after another

Development of Red Pulp Macrophages †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Development of Red Pulp Macrophages. Answer: Introduction Crayfish absorbs sodium and chloride ions from very dilute solutions. Absorption is continuous as part of salt balance mechanism. There is a salt balance when the salt uptake rate equals the total salt lost. The crayfish for this experiment was acclimated to low sodium concentration for two weeks. This experiment intends to investigate how sodium is absorbed and lost by crayfish to its environment. The Crayfish was rinsed off with distilled water and its weight recorded. It was placed in the measured volume of the appropriate experimental sodium concentration. After five minutes time 0 sample was taken by removing a 5ml water sample into a clean tube and time recorded. This step was repeated at 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Using the correct worksheet calibration curve, values were entered into the grey cells, and sample photometer readings were added to obtain sodium concentration for the sample. The values for the medium sodium concentration and uptake rate were then entered on the class results table on the whiteboard before leaving the laboratory. On week two, a worksheet was provided and the data was filled in to complete it. All the green cells were filled The mean and standard error values were calculated both for the sodium concentration in the water and sodium influx rate. Passive sodium loss was determined, and Jmax values were derived Freshwater crayfish are hyperosmotic regulators that live in streams whose sodium concentrations are lower than that of their blood. Environment sodium concentration ranges between 0.05 to 1 mm/l while that of the blood is greater than 200 mm/l. The mass of the crayfish after rinsing off with distilled water was 33.117g while the mean value for the sodium concentration was 0.074 with a sodium concentration uptake rate of 0.156mol/g.h. The results showed the Passive sodium loss rate in the crayfish to be at 0.130 mol/g.h. Since sodium influx is achieved by specific membrane protein, then the maximal flux capacity of the sodium was 5.33 mol/g.h with a transport affinity of 1.82mmol/h.Freshwater Crayfish and its surroundings have an indirectly proportional relationship. It is shown evidently in the results of the experiment when the external sodium concentration rises as the internal concentration decreases. This is because freshwater crayfish are osmoregulators and they need to balance the internal and external environments. Ions are lost continuously from the crayfish to its environment across the gills. The amount of sodium lost depends on the difference in sodium concentration inside the animal and its environment (Juel et al., 2013). Since the animal loses a lot of sodium, there is need of compensating for this and can be achieved by absorbing ions from the medium using specialized cells in the gills.These are two bean shaped organs on the spine located below the ribs and behind the belly. They are designed for filtering the blood, controlling the balance of the body fluids, keeping the right levels of electrolytes and getting rid of waste (Kohyama et al., 2009). Each kidney contains tiny filters known as nephrons. Kidney failure can occur when blood stops flowing in. When the blood enters the kidney, waste is get rid of, and then salt, minerals and water are adjusted if need be. The blood which is filtered goes back into the body while the remaining is turne d into urine. The urine assembles in the pelvis of the kidney which drains down the ureter to the bladder.Kidneys are part of the urinary system. There are 6 basic functions of the kidney namely, hormone production, waste and toxins excretion, PH, ion concentrations, osmolarity and external volume regulation. Antidiuretic hormone is responsible for controlling reabsorption of water in the collecting duct (Razani, Woodman, Lisanti, 2002). Sodium ions present in the proximal tubule are then reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries. The chlorides passing across the epithelium take the transcellular route during their movement. Water diffuses across the concentration gradient when crossing the epithelium. Reabsorption of glucose in the kidney tubule is determined by the presence or lack of the glucose cotransporter known as the SGLT1 and 2 (Motohashi et al., 2002). The kidney function is measured by inulin which determines the rate of glomerular filtration. Maintenance of systematic acid/base balance is made possible by the proximal tubule. In the proximal tubule, the angiotensin II increases regulation of water and sodium excretion. The protein inside red blood cells is hemoglobin and it carries oxygen. They are inside the bone marrow and lives for about 120 days before death (Perico et al., 2004).1ml of mammalian blood was diluted using 5 ml of saline which was isotonic in a glass test-tube and mixed. 1ml of blood was diluted using 5 ml tap water and mixed. The same volume of blood in step 2 was added to 5 ml of each of the isosmotic test solutes. Membranes of the red blood cells are is-osmotic with the blood plasma and have high permeability to water. Osmotic concentration of the cell is encompasses proteins and other solutes that cannot cross the blood cell membrane and are impermeable. It also contains permeable sodium and chloride ions. Due to this, there is a gradient for sodium ions to diffuse from plasma into the cells. The cell therefore needs to correct this by pumping out excess sodium ions through the sodium pump. When placed in a hypo-osmotic solution, water moves into the cell leading to swelling and eventually bursting of the cell. The bursting of the cell is known as hemolysis (Prtner, Langenbuch, Reipschlger, 2004). Hemoglobin is released into the solution when the cell ruptures. Hemolysis is directly proportional to the permeability of the solute. Hemolysis is caused by streptomycin enzyme. References Juel, C., Lundby, C., Sander, M., Calbet, J. A. L., Hall, G. V. (2003). Human skeletal muscle and erythrocyte proteins involved in acid?base homeostasis: adaptations to chronic hypoxia. The Journal of physiology, 548(2), 639-648. Kohyama, M., Ise, W., Edelson, B. T., Wilker, P. R., Hildner, K., Mejia, C., ... Murphy, K. M. (2009). Role for Spi-C in the development of red pulp macrophages and splenic iron homeostasis. Nature, 457(7227), 318. Motohashi, H., Sakurai, Y., Saito, H., Masuda, S., Urakami, Y., Goto, M., ... Inui, K. I. (2002). Gene expression levels and immunolocalization of organic ion transporters in the human kidney. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 13(4), 866-874. Perico, N., Cattaneo, D., Sayegh, M. H., Remuzzi, G. (2004). Delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. The Lancet, 364(9447), 1814-1827. Prtner, H. O., Langenbuch, M., Reipschlger, A. (2004). Biological impact of elevated ocean CO 2 concentrations: lessons from animal physiology and earth history. Journal of Oceanography, 60(4), 705-718. Razani, B., Woodman, S. E., Lisanti, M. P. (2002). Caveolae: from cell biology to animal physiology. Pharmacological reviews, 54(3), 431-467.